After a 44-year run serving one of the poorer neighborhoods in St. Louis, Gateway Bank collapsed last month under a pile of bad loans.
Now, a small bank from Kansas City thinks it can build a profitable enterprise on the wreckage of Gateway. Central Bank of Kansas City bought Gateway from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., which took over the bank a month ago.
So, why would Central Bank think it can make a go of it in a north St. Louis city neighborhood where another bank failed?
A cheap price is part of the equation. Central Bank paid 70 cents for each $1 in face value of Gateway’s assets. Of course, many of those assets aren’t worth face value. When it failed, 7 percent of Gateway’s loans were seriously behind in payments. Central Bank will also inherit 70 foreclosed properties, most of them houses and apartment buildings.
The FDIC will pay $9.2 million to cover Gateway’s losses.
Central’s executives didn’t have long to mull the decision. The FDIC opened Gateway’s books to prospective bidders on a Thursday in late October. Central Bank made its bid the next Monday, and took over the bank that Friday, Nov. 6.
William Dana, Central Bank CEO, says it will succeed because it knows how to serve poor neighborhoods. That’s its forte in Kansas City, he says.
Most banks want to go where the money is. They want "high net worth, low transaction, low-touch customers," says Dana. They’re people who have big bank accounts, borrow much and deal with the bank by computer.
"Our customers are the antithesis of that," says Dana. They have lower credit scores and small bank accounts. "Many people have trouble coming up with the minimum deposit, $50, to open an account," said Dana. "It’s just tougher."
Serving them requires a bigger staff. But Central’s customers are more willing than the well-off to keep their money in checking and savings accounts paying low interest. That low cost of deposits allows the bank to make a wider profit margin on its loans, Dana said.
Serving low-income neighborhoods qualifies the bank to dole out federal largess under the federal New Markets Tax Credit program. It can give those credits to business borrowers who qualify.
"They work in these challenged neighborhoods where access to capital is limited or difficult," said Ruben Alonso, who runs the New Markets program for the Kansas City municipal government. He cites a loan the bank made to an engineering firm that is going to anchor a redevelopment planned for an area near downtown.
"They bring a lot of expertise in how to bring capital to low-income areas," he added.
The lack of banking services in poor, minority neighborhoods has been a vexing issue for federal regulators. In a study released last week, the FDIC reported that 21.7 percent of U.S. black households have no checking or savings accounts, while 19.3 percent of Hispanic households are "unbanked." Roughly 3.5 percent of Asian and white households have no checking or savings accounts.
The same study found the disparity is even greater in St. Louis: 31 percent of the area’s black households are unbanked, while only 1.1 percent of white, non-Hispanic households have no accounts.
St. Louis’ unbanked percentage among black households was the highest among 20 most populated metro areas studied by the FDIC, though seven areas didn’t report a breakdown for black households. Detroit was the second-highest at 30 percent, followed by Chicago’s 25.5 percent.
BIG BUSINESSES HELP
In Kansas City, Central Bank gets a helping hand from big businesses. A local electric utility and Microsoft deposit money at low interest to encourage Central’s lending. "We guarantee them that we’ll make loans into the community," said Dana.
Central’s strategy seems to be working. The bank earned $1.6 million in the first nine months of the year. That gave it a return on assets — a standard measure of bank profitability — of 1.26 percent, far above the 0.17 percent of peer banks. It’s been profitable for at least the last four years.
Central has $169 million in assets, ranking it as tiny by banking standards. Gateway had a mere $30 million.
Gateway Bank’s single branch is on Union Boulevard near Natural Bridge Road. Median income in the bank’s ZIP code was 58 percent of the national average, according to 2000 census figures. That matches the income around Central Bank’s headquarters, east of downtown Kansas City.
Central Bank’s neighborhood is a Kansas City melting pot — 50 percent white, 16 percent black, 7 percent Asian and 18 percent "some other race." The Census lists 30 percent as Hispanic, who can be of any race. By contrast, Gateway’s ZIP code is 98 percent black, according to the 2000 census.
Gateway was born in the civil rights movement. It was founded in 1965 by black businesspeople and professionals who wanted a bank to serve the minority population. For its last two decades, it was the only black-owned bank in St. Louis.
Central Bank’s ownership is white, the family of Lucille Tutera. Will that affect customer loyalty?
"We have to convince our depositors that our products and services will be better than before," said Dana.
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