The Reserve Bank of India told lenders to set aside more deposits as reserves than economists predicted after raising its growth and inflation forecasts. Stocks and bonds fell.
Governor Duvvuri Subbarao increased the cash reserve ratio to 5.75 percent from 5 percent, exceeding the median forecast for a half-point move in a Bloomberg News survey, an RBI statement showed in Mumbai today. The bank kept benchmark interest rates unchanged.
The decision is India’s biggest step yet toward raising borrowing costs as inflation and asset-bubble concerns reverberate across Asia. China, Malaysia and the Philippines moved closer toward raising rates this month and Australia and Vietnam have already done so, spurring a sell-off in stocks and bolstering the outlook for currency gains in the region.
“The policy is indicating a sequential step towards monetary tightening in India,” said Shubhada Rao, chief economist at Yes Bank Ltd. in Mumbai. “The bank may raise policy rates before the next scheduled meeting,” on April 20.
India’s benchmark stock index extended its drop, bond yields rose and the rupee weakened after the report. The Sensitive stock index fell 1.2 percent to 16,105.75, while the yield on 10-year government bonds increased to 7.59 percent from 7.55 percent at 11:20 p.m. in Mumbai. The rupee weakened to 46.39 against the dollar from 46.36 before the report.
Gaining Momentum
Governor Duvvuri Subbarao said India’s economic growth could “gain momentum” over the next year and “reinforce” inflationary pressures. The central bank raised its inflation forecast to 8.5 percent by March 31 from 6.5 percent.
“The message being sent across is that stern steps will be taken going forward to contain inflation,” said Killol Pandya, who oversees the equivalent of $152 million in Indian debt at Shinsei Asset Management India Pvt. in Mumbai. “There are indications the economy is turning around.”
In China, the central bank ordered some banks to pare lending, raised the ratio for deposits banks must set aside as reserves and guided bill yields higher this month after loan growth surged.
Malaysia kept borrowing costs unchanged on Jan. 26, while warning that rates cannot be kept “too low” for too long because of the need to prevent a build-up of “financial imbalances.” The Philippines increased its so-called rediscounting rate, one of the interest rates it charges lenders for borrowing money from the central bank, as it began unwinding stimulus measures.
Equities Retreat
Equities have retreated on concern that the withdrawal of stimulus measures will slow a rebound in corporate earnings. The MSCI Asia Pacific index has lost 7.3 percent in the past two weeks.
Analysts anticipate currency gains as strengthening economies force central banks to act. The rupee may gain almost 8 percent by year-end to 43 per dollar, according to the median forecast in Bloomberg survey. China’s yuan and Malaysia’s ringgit are estimated to advance 3.7 percent.
The Reserve Bank estimates India’s $1.2 trillion economy, Asia’s third largest, will expand 7.5 percent in the year ending March 31, more than its October forecast of 6 percent “with an upward bias,” Subbarao said in the statement today.
The bank left its benchmark reverse repurchase rate unchanged at 3.25 percent and the repurchase rate at 4.75 percent, today’s statement said. The increase in cash reserves will drain 360 billion rupees ($7.8 billion) from the banking system in two stages, on Feb. 13 and Feb. 27.
Exacerbate Inflation
“As growth accelerates and the output gap closes, excess liquidity, if allowed to persist, may exacerbate inflation expectations,” Subbarao said in the statement. “Though the inflationary pressures stem predominantly from the supply side, the consolidating recovery increases the risks of these spilling over into a wider inflationary process.”
India’s benchmark wholesale-price inflation accelerated to 7.3 percent in December, the fastest pace since November 2008. Food accounted for 80 percent of December’s inflation reading, government data showed, as deficient rains last year hurt output of rice, wheat and sugar.
Subbarao’s move is aimed at checking manufacturing inflation that surged to 5.2 percent in December from 1.6 percent in October. Industrial production rose 11.7 percent in November, the fastest pace in two years, as sales at companies including Hero Honda Motors Ltd. surged.
Hero Honda, the nation’s biggest motorcycle maker, reported a better-than-estimated 79 percent increase in third- quarter net income after sales climbed.
Food Inflation
“Tighter monetary policy will have no impact on inflation as it is largely a supply-side-driven phenomenon,” Harsh Pati Singhania, president of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry in New Delhi, said before the report. “Interest rates should not be increased.”
Subbarao said there have been “some signs” of demand pressures on inflation and that he expects the current growth rate of 7.5 percent to continue in the next financial year starting April 1.
To ease supply constraints, the government on Jan. 13 announced plans to sell as much as 3 million metric tons of wheat and rice in the open market until March and permit duty- free imports of white sugar until Dec. 31 to increase supplies.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s government is under pressure to tame inflation as opposition parties stepped up their criticism for failing to curb prices. Inflation is politically sensitive in India, where the World Bank estimates almost three-quarters of the nation’s 1.2 billion people live on less than $2 a day.
Subbarao said the withdrawal of monetary accommodation can’t be “effective” in controlling inflation unless the fiscal stimulus is also rolled-back in a coordinated manner. He said government borrowing must be cut to contain inflation and to meet credit demand of companies.
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